🎯 这节课你会学到
- 一般过去时讲什么（过去发生、已结束）
- 规则动词 + ed 和它的拼写规则
- 专升本必背的 20 个不规则动词
- 否定 didn’t 和疑问 Did
📖 讲解
1. 什么时候用一般过去时
事情发生在过去某个时间，现在已经结束：
- I watched a movie last night.（昨晚看了部电影）
- She was a teacher ten years ago.（十年前她是老师）
- They went to Beijing in 2020.（他们 2020 年去了北京）
标志词：yesterday 昨天 / last week（month, year）上… / … ago …之前 / in 2020 / just now 刚才
2. be 动词的过去：was / were
| 现在 | 过去 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| am / is | was | I was at home yesterday. |
| are | were | They were happy last night. |
（口诀：我 was 你 were，was 跟着他她它）
3. 规则动词：+ ed
| 规则 | 例子 |
|---|---|
| 一般 + ed | watch → watched，play → played |
| 以 e 结尾 + d | like → liked，live → lived |
| 辅音 + y：y → ied | study → studied，carry → carried |
| 重读闭音节双写 + ed | stop → stopped，plan → planned |
4. 不规则动词（没有规律，只能背——先背这 20 个最高频的）
| 原形 | 过去式 | 原形 | 过去式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| go | went | have | had |
| do | did | get | got |
| come | came | take | took |
| make | made | see | saw |
| eat | ate | buy | bought |
| give | gave | find | found |
| think | thought | tell | told |
| write | wrote | read | read（读音变，拼写不变） |
| meet | met | leave | left |
| know | knew | begin | began |
5. 否定与疑问（不管规则不规则，都用 did 打回原形）
- 否定：didn’t + 动词原形 → I didn’t go to school yesterday.（❌ didn’t went）
- 疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形？→ Did you see him? → Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t.
⚠️ 一句话：句子里出现了 did / didn’t，动词一律原形。
⚠️ 零基础最容易犯的错
- did 后面留过去式：❌ Did you went? → ✅ Did you go?
- 昨天的事忘变过去式：❌ Yesterday I go shopping. → ✅ Yesterday I went shopping.
- was / were 用反：❌ They was… → ✅ They were…
📝 随堂小练
- I ____ (watch) TV last night.
- She ____ (go) to Beijing last year.
- They ____ (be) at school yesterday.
- ____ you ____ (see) the film last week?
- 改错：He didn’t came to the party.
答案（先自己写！）
- watched（规则动词 + ed）
- went（go 的过去式，不规则）
- were（they 配 were）
- Did you see…?（疑问句 did + 原形）
- came ❌ → come（didn’t 后面用原形：didn’t come）
➡️ 下一课预告
第 6 课：把时间拨向明天——will 和 be going to。