🎯 这节课你会学到

  1. 从句到底是什么(一个句子降级当零件)
  2. 三种最基础从句:宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句(各自一句口诀)
  3. 长难句不再害怕的第一步

📖 讲解

1. 从句的本质

两个短句:

  • I know something.(我知道一件事)
  • He lives in Beijing.(他住在北京)

把第二句塞进第一句的「something」位置,前面加个连接词:

I know that he lives in Beijing.(我知道他住在北京。)

那个塞进去的小句子就是从句——它降级成了大句子的一个零件。连接词(that / who / when / because…)就是「胶水」。

2. 宾语从句(塞进「知道 / 想 / 说」的后面)

连接词 that(陈述内容,that 可省略):

  • I think (that) English is useful.(我认为英语有用。)
  • She said (that) she was tired.(她说她累了。)⚠️ 主句过去时,从句也跟着过去时(时态呼应)

连接词 if / whether(是否):

  • I don’t know if it will rain.(我不知道明天会不会下雨。)

连接词 what / when / why(疑问词本身还在从句里当成分):

  • I don’t know what he wants.(我不知道他想要什么。)⚠️ 疑问词后面用陈述语序:❌ what does he want → ✅ what he wants

3. 定语从句(塞在名词后面当形容词)

把两句合成一句:The girl is my sister. + The girl is standing there. →

The girl who is standing there is my sister.(站在那儿的女孩是我妹妹。)

  • 先行词是人 → who / that;是物 → which / that
  • 从句紧跟在先行词后面,就像给名词挂了个「……的」的定语

最简判断:先行词还原回从句里做主语或宾语 → 用 who/which/that;做时间/地点状语 → 用 when / where:

  • This is the school where I studied.(这就是我学习过的学校——in the school)

4. 状语从句(塞在句首或句尾表时间/原因/条件)

逻辑连接词例句
时间when / while / before / after / as soon asI’ll call you as soon as I arrive.
原因because / since / asHe stayed home because he was ill.
条件if / unlessIf it rains, we will stay home.
让步although / thoughAlthough he is young, he knows a lot.

⚠️ 两条铁律:

  1. 主将从现:主句将来时,时间/条件从句用一般现在时:If it rains(❌ will rain) tomorrow, we will stay home.
  2. although 和 but 不同时出现(中文「虽然…但是…」,英文二选一)

⚠️ 零基础最容易犯的错

  1. 疑问词后用疑问语序:❌ I know where is he. → ✅ I know where he is.(从句一律陈述语序)
  2. 主将从现失守:❌ If it will rain… → ✅ If it rains…
  3. although…but 连用:❌ Although he is old, but he works. → 删 but
  4. that 从句时态不呼应:主句 said(过去)→ 从句也用过去时态

📝 随堂小练

  1. 合并:I believe something. + He is honest. → I believe ____ he is honest.
  2. 合并:The man is my uncle. + The man is talking with her. → The man ____ is talking with her is my uncle.
  3. 选词:I will go with you ____ (if / although) I am free tomorrow.
  4. 改错:I don’t know where is the library.
  5. 改错:Although it was raining, but we went out.
答案(先自己写!)
  1. that(宾语从句陈述内容,that 可省)
  2. who / that(先行词 the man 指人 + 从句缺主语)
  3. if(条件:「如果我明天有空」;although 是让步不合逻辑)
  4. → I don’t know where the library is.(从句用陈述语序)
  5. 删 but(although 与 but 不共存:Although it was raining, we went out.)

➡️ 下一课预告

第 14 课:动词的「第二形态」——非谓语三兄弟 to do / doing / done。