🎯 这节课你会学到
- 为什么需要非谓语(一个句子只准有一个「心脏」动词)
- to do / doing / done 三兄弟各自的心情
- 三步判断法(专升本必考)
📖 讲解
1. 一个句子只有一个谓语
英文句子规矩很严:一个简单句只能有一个真正的谓语动词(句子心脏)。其他动作想出场,就必须改头换面:
- I want to go home.(want 是心脏;go 想出场 → 变身 to go)
- Seeing is believing.(看见是心脏之一…百闻不如一见;第二个 see 变身 Seeing)
变身后的 to do / doing / done 统称非谓语动词——它们不再是心脏,只当零件:目的、原因、伴随、修饰……
2. 三兄弟各自的心情
| 形态 | 心情 | 典型用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|---|
| to do | 将来 / 目的 | 想去做、还没做 | He came to help us.(他来是为了帮我们——目的) |
| doing | 主动 / 进行 | 正在做、主语主动做 | Seeing the police, the thief ran away.(小偷看见警察——小偷主动看见) |
| done | 被动 / 完成 | 被做、已完成 | Caught by the police, the thief had to give up.(被抓住——小偷是被抓) |
3. 三步判断法(做题就按这个走)
- 先找句子心脏(真正的谓语在哪)——剩下的动词就是非谓语
- 找非谓语的逻辑主语(它描述的是谁的动作?通常是句子主语)
- 判断主被动:逻辑主语主动做 → doing;被动挨 → done;表目的/将来 → to do
例 1:____ (hear) the good news, we jumped with joy. ①心脏是 jumped;②非谓语 hear 的逻辑主语 = we;③we 主动「听到」→ Hearing ✅
例 2:____ (give) more time, we could do it better. ①心脏是 could do;②逻辑主语 = we;③we 是「被给」时间 → Given ✅
4. 常见固定用法的非谓语(背下来)
| 结构 | 意思 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| want / hope / decide to do | 想要做 | I want to sleep. |
| enjoy / finish / mind / practice doing | 喜欢做… | I enjoy listening to music. |
| stop to do(停下来去做)vs stop doing(停止做) | 天壤之别 | He stopped to rest. / He stopped smoking. |
| tell / ask / allow sb to do | 让某人做 | Mother told me to clean my room. |
| It’s + adj + to do | 做某事很… | It’s important to learn English. |
| too + adj + to do | 太…而不能 | He is too young to join the army. |
⚠️ 零基础最容易犯的错
- enjoy 后接 to do:❌ enjoy to swim → ✅ enjoy swimming(enjoy/finish/mind/practice 后只接 doing)
- stop to do 和 stop doing 分不清(考试爱挖这个坑)
- 双谓语:❌ I saw him ran away. → ✅ I saw him run(ning) away.(saw 已经是心脏,ran 必须变身)
📝 随堂小练
- I decided ____ (buy) a new bike.
- ____ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend.
- ____ (praise) by the teacher, the boy was very happy.
- My hobby is ____ (collect) stamps.
- 改错:He enjoys to play basketball.
答案(先自己写!)
- to buy(decide 后接 to do:打算做)
- Walking(心脏 met;I 主动走 → doing 开头作状语)
- Praised(心脏 was happy;the boy 是「被表扬」→ done)
- collecting(is 后的表语用 doing:爱好是收集)
- to play ❌ → playing(enjoy 后只接 doing)
➡️ 下一课预告
第 15 课(最后一课):词汇突围——从 1000 词到 3500 词的具体路线和记忆方法。