🎯 这节课你会学到

  1. 为什么需要非谓语(一个句子只准有一个「心脏」动词)
  2. to do / doing / done 三兄弟各自的心情
  3. 三步判断法(专升本必考)

📖 讲解

1. 一个句子只有一个谓语

英文句子规矩很严:一个简单句只能有一个真正的谓语动词(句子心脏)。其他动作想出场,就必须改头换面:

  • I want to go home.(want 是心脏;go 想出场 → 变身 to go)
  • Seeing is believing.(看见是心脏之一…百闻不如一见;第二个 see 变身 Seeing)

变身后的 to do / doing / done 统称非谓语动词——它们不再是心脏,只当零件:目的、原因、伴随、修饰……

2. 三兄弟各自的心情

形态心情典型用法例句
to do将来 / 目的想去做、还没做He came to help us.(他来是为了帮我们——目的)
doing主动 / 进行正在做、主语主动做Seeing the police, the thief ran away.(小偷看见警察——小偷主动看见)
done被动 / 完成被做、已完成Caught by the police, the thief had to give up.(被抓住——小偷是被抓)

3. 三步判断法(做题就按这个走)

  1. 先找句子心脏(真正的谓语在哪)——剩下的动词就是非谓语
  2. 找非谓语的逻辑主语(它描述的是谁的动作?通常是句子主语)
  3. 判断主被动:逻辑主语主动做 → doing;被动挨 → done;表目的/将来 → to do

例 1:____ (hear) the good news, we jumped with joy. ①心脏是 jumped;②非谓语 hear 的逻辑主语 = we;③we 主动「听到」→ Hearing ✅

例 2:____ (give) more time, we could do it better. ①心脏是 could do;②逻辑主语 = we;③we 是「被给」时间 → Given ✅

4. 常见固定用法的非谓语(背下来)

结构意思例句
want / hope / decide to do想要做I want to sleep.
enjoy / finish / mind / practice doing喜欢做…I enjoy listening to music.
stop to do(停下来去做)vs stop doing(停止做)天壤之别He stopped to rest. / He stopped smoking.
tell / ask / allow sb to do让某人做Mother told me to clean my room.
It’s + adj + to do做某事很…It’s important to learn English.
too + adj + to do太…而不能He is too young to join the army.

⚠️ 零基础最容易犯的错

  1. enjoy 后接 to do:❌ enjoy to swim → ✅ enjoy swimming(enjoy/finish/mind/practice 后只接 doing)
  2. stop to do 和 stop doing 分不清(考试爱挖这个坑)
  3. 双谓语:❌ I saw him ran away. → ✅ I saw him run(ning) away.(saw 已经是心脏,ran 必须变身)

📝 随堂小练

  1. I decided ____ (buy) a new bike.
  2. ____ (walk) along the street, I met an old friend.
  3. ____ (praise) by the teacher, the boy was very happy.
  4. My hobby is ____ (collect) stamps.
  5. 改错:He enjoys to play basketball.
答案(先自己写!)
  1. to buy(decide 后接 to do:打算做)
  2. Walking(心脏 met;I 主动走 → doing 开头作状语)
  3. Praised(心脏 was happy;the boy 是「被表扬」→ done)
  4. collecting(is 后的表语用 doing:爱好是收集)
  5. to play ❌ → playing(enjoy 后只接 doing)

➡️ 下一课预告

第 15 课(最后一课):词汇突围——从 1000 词到 3500 词的具体路线和记忆方法。