🎯 这节课你会学到
第 13 课只学了 who/which/that 的皮毛，这课拿下定语从句全部考点：whose、介词 + which、只用 that / 只用 which 的场合、非限制性从句。
📖 讲解
1. whose：「……的」的从句版
先行词（人或物）与从句主语是所属关系 → 用 whose：
- Do you know the girl whose father is a doctor?（她爸爸是医生的那个女孩）
- I live in a room whose window faces south.（窗户朝南的房间——物的 whose 也可以！）
2. 介词 + which / whom（高频考点）
介词提前时：物 → 介词 + which；人 → 介词 + whom：
- This is the house in which I lived for ten years.（= where I lived）
- The man to whom I spoke is my uncle.
还原法判断介词：把从句还原——I lived in the house → in which；I spoke to the man → to whom。
⚠️ 口诀：介词后面只用 which/whom，绝不用 that、who、省略。
3. 只能用 that 的四种场合
| 场合 | 例 |
|---|---|
| 先行词是不定代词（all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much） | Everything that can be done has been done. |
| 先行词被最高级修饰 | This is the best film that I have ever seen. |
| 先行词被序数词 / the only / the very / all 修饰 | She is the only person that understands me. |
| 先行词是人和物并列 | He talked of the people and the books that interested him. |
4. 只能用 which 的两种场合
- 非限制性从句（有逗号）：He passed the exam, which surprised us.（这让我们很惊讶——which 指代前面整件事）
- 介词后：the pen with which I write
5. 限制性 vs 非限制性（逗号的意义）
| 限制性（无逗号） | 非限制性（有逗号） | |
|---|---|---|
| 作用 | 限定是哪一个 | 补充说明（去掉句子仍完整） |
| 例 | I have a sister who works in Beijing.（有个在北京工作的姐姐——暗示还有别的姐姐） | I have a sister, who works in Beijing.（我姐姐在北京工作——只有一个姐姐） |
⚠️ 考点：which 非限制性可指代前面整句（that 不行）；as 也有同款用法（as is known to all）。
6. 易混三组
| 混淆点 | 区分 |
|---|---|
| that vs which | 介词后 / 非限制性 → which；不定代词/最高级后 → that |
| whose vs of which | the house whose window = the house the window of which |
| way 的定语从句 | the way that / in which / 省略（三种都对，不填 which！） |
📝 随堂小练
- Is this the reason ____ he explained at the meeting?（explain sth 及物——用 that/which/省略）
- The house ____ we live is small.（补介词 + 关系词）
- He failed again, ____ made his parents angry.（指代整件事）
- This is the very book ____ I’m looking for.
- She is the student ____ pronunciation is the best in our class.
答案（先自己写！）
- that / which / 不填（explain 是及物动词，reason 作宾语；不是 because 的场合）
- in which（= where；还原 we live in the house）
- which（非限制性指代整件事）
- that（the very 修饰 → 只用 that）
- whose（她的发音 → 所属关系）
➡️ 下一课预告
第 20 课：名词性从句完整版——主语、宾语、表语、同位语四大家族。