🎯 这节课你会学到
四大家族全拿下:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句——外加连接词选择的总算法和两个必考陷阱。
📖 讲解
1. 四大家族 = 从句当名词用
| 家族 | 位置 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语从句 | 句首当主语 | What he said is true. / That he failed surprised us. |
| 宾语从句 | 动词/介词后 | I know where he lives. / It depends on whether you come. |
| 表语从句 | be 动词后 | The problem is that we lack money. |
| 同位语从句 | 抽象名词后,解释内容 | The news that our team won excited us all. |
常接同位语从句的抽象名词:news / fact / idea / truth / hope / promise / suggestion / problem。
同位语 vs 定语从句的鉴别(高频考点):that 在从句里作成分吗?
- The news that he told me is false.(told 缺宾语 → that 作宾语 → 定语从句)
- The news that he won is false.(that 不作成分 → 同位语从句)
2. 连接词选择总算法(三步)
- 从句是陈述/疑问?→ 问句才需要疑问词
- 疑问词在从句里作不作成分?
- 不作成分(只引导)→ that(陈述)/** whether**(是否)
- 作主语/宾语 → what / who / which
- 作状语 → when / where / why / how
- 从句一律陈述语序(无论原句是不是疑问)
3. whether vs if 的五处差别(必背)
| 场合 | 用 which? |
|---|---|
| 句首主语从句 | 只用 whether:Whether he will come is unknown. |
| 介词后 | 只用 whether:It depends on whether it rains. |
| 不定式前 | 只用 whether:I don’t know whether to go. |
| 与 or not 直连 | 只用 whether:whether or not / whether he comes or not |
| 宾语从句(一般情况) | if / whether 都行 |
4. 两个必考陷阱
陷阱一:主语从句后置(形式主语)
主语从句太长会扔到后面,用 it 占位:
It is clear that he is lying. = That he is lying is clear. ✓ It doesn’t matter whether you go or not.
陷阱二:时态呼应
主句过去时 → 宾语从句跟着用过去范畴的时态:
He said (that) he would come the next day.(他说他第二天会来) 例外:从句讲客观真理永远一般现在时 → The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
📝 随堂小练
- ____ he will attend the meeting has not been decided.(句首:是否)
- I wonder ____ he did that for.(补成分:为了什么)
- The problem is ____ we can finish it in time.
- The fact ____ she works hard is known to all.
- He asked me ____ I ____ (go) with him the next day.(时态呼应 + 是否)
答案(先自己写!)
- Whether(句首主语从句 → 只用 whether)
- what(for 缺宾语:for what)
- whether / if(表语从句两者都可;「是否能按时完成」)
- that(同位语从句:that 不作成分,解释 fact 的内容)
- whether/if + would go(asked 过去 → 从句过去范畴;the next day 将来 → would)
➡️ 下一课预告
第 21 课:状语从句九类全表——时间、原因、条件、让步……一个不漏。