🎯 这节课你会学到

四大家族全拿下:主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句——外加连接词选择的总算法和两个必考陷阱。

📖 讲解

1. 四大家族 = 从句当名词用

家族位置例句
主语从句句首当主语What he said is true. / That he failed surprised us.
宾语从句动词/介词后I know where he lives. / It depends on whether you come.
表语从句be 动词后The problem is that we lack money.
同位语从句抽象名词后,解释内容The news that our team won excited us all.

常接同位语从句的抽象名词:news / fact / idea / truth / hope / promise / suggestion / problem。

同位语 vs 定语从句的鉴别(高频考点):that 在从句里作成分吗?

  • The news that he told me is false.(told 缺宾语 → that 作宾语 → 定语从句)
  • The news that he won is false.(that 不作成分 → 同位语从句)

2. 连接词选择总算法(三步)

  1. 从句是陈述/疑问?→ 问句才需要疑问词
  2. 疑问词在从句里作不作成分?
    • 不作成分(只引导)→ that(陈述)/** whether**(是否)
    • 作主语/宾语 → what / who / which
    • 作状语 → when / where / why / how
  3. 从句一律陈述语序(无论原句是不是疑问)

3. whether vs if 的五处差别(必背)

场合用 which?
句首主语从句只用 whether:Whether he will come is unknown.
介词后只用 whether:It depends on whether it rains.
不定式前只用 whether:I don’t know whether to go.
与 or not 直连只用 whether:whether or not / whether he comes or not
宾语从句(一般情况)if / whether 都行

4. 两个必考陷阱

陷阱一:主语从句后置(形式主语)

主语从句太长会扔到后面,用 it 占位:

It is clear that he is lying. = That he is lying is clear. ✓ It doesn’t matter whether you go or not.

陷阱二:时态呼应

主句过去时 → 宾语从句跟着用过去范畴的时态:

He said (that) he would come the next day.(他说他第二天会来) 例外:从句讲客观真理永远一般现在时 → The teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.

📝 随堂小练

  1. ____ he will attend the meeting has not been decided.(句首:是否)
  2. I wonder ____ he did that for.(补成分:为了什么)
  3. The problem is ____ we can finish it in time.
  4. The fact ____ she works hard is known to all.
  5. He asked me ____ I ____ (go) with him the next day.(时态呼应 + 是否)
答案(先自己写!)
  1. Whether(句首主语从句 → 只用 whether)
  2. what(for 缺宾语:for what)
  3. whether / if(表语从句两者都可;「是否能按时完成」)
  4. that(同位语从句:that 不作成分,解释 fact 的内容)
  5. whether/if + would go(asked 过去 → 从句过去范畴;the next day 将来 → would)

➡️ 下一课预告

第 21 课:状语从句九类全表——时间、原因、条件、让步……一个不漏。