🎯 这节课你会学到
三大从句(定语 / 名词性 / 状语)学完了,这课专门解决「同一个连接词在不同从句里的不同用法」——这是专升本辨析题的核心套路。
📖 核心辨析
辨析一:同一个 when 的三种身份
| 从句类型 | 例句 | 判断依据 |
|---|---|---|
| 状语从句(时间) | I’ll go when he comes. | when 后是完整句,整句修饰主句动作 |
| 宾语从句 | I don’t know when he will come. | when 后完整句,作 know 的宾语 |
| 定语从句 | I’ll never forget the day when we met. | when 前有先行词(the day),when 在从句中作状语 |
鉴别流程:① 前面有先行词?→ 定语从句。② 跟在 know/tell 等动词后?→ 宾语从句。③ 否则 → 状语从句。
辨析二:that 的三副面孔
- 定语从句:that 在从句中作成分:The book that I bought is good.(bought 的宾语)
- 同位语从句:that 不作成分,只解释:The fact that he lied shocked us.
- 宾语从句:that 只引导可省略:I think (that) you are right.
判断核心:还原法——把 that 去掉,从句缺成分 → 定语从句;不缺 → 同位语/宾语从句。
辨析三:where 的两副面孔
- 定语从句:the place where we met(前面有先行词 the place)
- 状语从句:Go back where you came from.(无先行词,修饰 go back)
辨析四:as / which 非限制性从句
- as 可前可后,有「正如」义:As is known to all, the earth is round. / He is honest, as everyone knows.
- which 只能放后面:He passed, which surprised us.
辨析五:because / why / that 在 reason 后
- The reason why he was late is that he missed the bus.(why 定语从句 + that 表语从句——固定搭配,不填 because!)
- 表语从句用 because 的场合:That’s because he was ill.(那是因为——直接回答回果)
📝 期中大练兵(20 题,限时 15 分钟)
- ____ we all know, practice makes perfect.(as)
- The museum ____ we visited last week is famous.(that/which/省略)
- Word came ____ he had won the first prize.(同位语 that)
- ____ surprised me most was his attitude.(What)
- I’ll visit you ____ I get there.(the moment / as soon as)
- He made ____ rapid progress ____ the teacher praised him.(such…that)
- The reason ____ he gave for his absence was unbelievable.(that/which——gave 缺宾语)
- This is the school ____ I studied three years ago.(where)
- ____ hard he tried, he couldn’t open the door.(However)
- It was in 2020 ____ they got married.(强调句 that)
- Nobody knows ____ will be elected.(who)
- He spoke ____ he were an expert.(as if + 虚拟)
- The news ____ he told you is true.(that/which——told 缺宾语 → 定语从句)
- ____ no one objects, we’ll start tomorrow.(Since/Now that)
- I have the same opinion ____ you.(as)
- ____ the exam will be put off is still unknown.(Whether)
- Only when you lose something ____ you realize its value.(do)
- The village ____ lies at the foot of the mountain is my hometown.(that/which——从句缺主语)
- He must have passed the exam, ____ he?(didn’t)
- It depends on ____ we have enough time.(whether)
答案与速解(对照鉴别流程核对)
- as(非限制性,正如——可前可后)
- that / which / 省略(visited 缺宾语 → 定语从句)
- that(同位语从句:word = 消息)
- What(主语从句缺主语)
- the moment / as soon as(一……就)
- such…that(中心词 progress 名词)
- that / which(he gave 缺宾语 → 定语从句,不是 why!)
- where(先行词 school + 从句缺状语)
- However(however + adj/adv + 主谓 = 让步倒装)
- that(去掉还原完整 → 强调句)
- who(从句缺主语:谁将当选)
- as if(+ were/虚拟语气)
- that / which(told 缺宾语 → 定语从句,不是同位语!)
- Since / Now that(原因)
- as(the same…as 固定)
- Whether(句首主语从句)
- Only when… 倒装 → Only when you lose something do you realize
- that / which(从句缺主语 → 定语从句)
- didn’t(must 表推测,反意对隐含时态:must have passed → didn’t he)
- whether(介词 on 后 → 只用 whether)
16/20 以上:从句毕业!12 题以下:回 19、20、21 三课重学。
➡️ 下一课预告
从第 25 课起进入词汇弹药库:先把不规则动词三态大表全部拿下。