🎯 这节课你会学到

  1. 五大句子成分是什么、怎么认
  2. 找谓语的三步法(长难句的「心脏定位术」)
  3. 长难句拆解五步法 + 12 个实战例句(从专升本真题风格由浅到深)

📖 讲解

1. 五大成分(一个句子的零件清单)

成分回答的问题常见形态
主语谁/什么名词、代词、doing、to do、从句
谓语干什么/是什么动词(含助动词)——全句唯一的核心
宾语对谁/什么名词、代词、doing、从句
表语主语是什么样be/系动词后的名词、形容词、从句
修饰成分什么样的?何时何地为何?定语(修饰名词:形/介短/从句)、状语(修饰动词/整句:副词/介短/从句)

一句话心法:长难句 = 简单句 + 一堆修饰零件。砍掉修饰,主干就一句大白话。

2. 找谓语三步法(拿到句子先干这个)

  1. 找时态标志词(will / was / has / had / can…)→ 后面跟着的原形/分词就是谓语团伙
  2. 找「三单 s / 过去式 / 分词」形态的实义动词——一个句子(简单句)只允许一个
  3. 排除陷阱:从句里还有自己的谓语!连词(that/which/when…)后面那个谓语属于从句,不是主干的

3. 长难句拆解五步法

  1. 找连词/关系词(that, which, who, when, because, if…)——它们是从句的入口
  2. 找每个从句的谓语——从句边界 = 连词 到 其谓语动作结束的合理位置
  3. 抓主句主干(谁 + 干什么)——先翻译出大白话
  4. 挂回修饰——定语译成「……的」,状语按逻辑放
  5. 整理成中文——按中文习惯调语序

4. 实战 12 例(由浅入深,先自己拆再看解析)

  1. The book on the desk is mine.(介词短语定语:桌上那本书)
  2. I believe that honesty is the best policy.(宾语从句)
  3. The girl who is wearing a red coat is my sister.(定语从句:穿红外套的女孩)
  4. He didn’t come because he was ill.(原因状语)
  5. What he said at the meeting surprised everyone.(主语从句当主语:他所说的话)
  6. It is important for us to learn from each other.(it 形式主语,真正主语是 to learn)
  7. The problem we discussed yesterday has been solved.(省略 that 的定语从句)
  8. Not until he grew up did he understand his father.(倒装:直到长大他才……)
  9. The reason why he was late is that the bus broke down.(why 定语 + that 表语)
  10. With the development of technology, our life has changed a lot.(with 短语状语开头)
  11. Only by practicing every day can you master a language.(only + 状语 → 倒装)
  12. It was in this school that I studied for three years.(强调句:去掉还原完整 ✓)

示范拆解第 9 句(五步走一遍): ① 连词:why / that;② 谓语:was(主句)、was late(从句1)、broke down(从句2);③ 主干:The reason is that…(原因是什么);④ 挂修饰:why he was late 修饰 reason(他迟到的原因);⑤ 中文:他迟到的原因是公交车抛锚了。✅

📝 随堂小练(找主干并翻译)

  1. The students who work hard will pass the exam.
  2. That she passed the exam made her parents proud.
  3. He was reading when I came in.
答案(主干 → 全句)
  1. 主干:The students will pass. → 努力的学生将通过考试。
  2. 主干:That … made her parents proud.(主语从句当主语)→ 她通过了考试,这让她的父母很骄傲。
  3. 主干:He was reading. → 我进来时,他正在看书。

➡️ 下一课预告

第 31 课:最后一课——语篇衔接词全表 + 篇章结构 + 毕业总测 20 题。