🎯 这节课你会学到
- 五大句子成分是什么、怎么认
- 找谓语的三步法(长难句的「心脏定位术」)
- 长难句拆解五步法 + 12 个实战例句(从专升本真题风格由浅到深)
📖 讲解
1. 五大成分(一个句子的零件清单)
| 成分 | 回答的问题 | 常见形态 |
|---|---|---|
| 主语 | 谁/什么 | 名词、代词、doing、to do、从句 |
| 谓语 | 干什么/是什么 | 动词(含助动词)——全句唯一的核心 |
| 宾语 | 对谁/什么 | 名词、代词、doing、从句 |
| 表语 | 主语是什么样 | be/系动词后的名词、形容词、从句 |
| 修饰成分 | 什么样的?何时何地为何? | 定语(修饰名词:形/介短/从句)、状语(修饰动词/整句:副词/介短/从句) |
一句话心法:长难句 = 简单句 + 一堆修饰零件。砍掉修饰,主干就一句大白话。
2. 找谓语三步法(拿到句子先干这个)
- 找时态标志词(will / was / has / had / can…)→ 后面跟着的原形/分词就是谓语团伙
- 找「三单 s / 过去式 / 分词」形态的实义动词——一个句子(简单句)只允许一个
- 排除陷阱:从句里还有自己的谓语!连词(that/which/when…)后面那个谓语属于从句,不是主干的
3. 长难句拆解五步法
- 找连词/关系词(that, which, who, when, because, if…)——它们是从句的入口
- 找每个从句的谓语——从句边界 = 连词 到 其谓语动作结束的合理位置
- 抓主句主干(谁 + 干什么)——先翻译出大白话
- 挂回修饰——定语译成「……的」,状语按逻辑放
- 整理成中文——按中文习惯调语序
4. 实战 12 例(由浅入深,先自己拆再看解析)
- The book on the desk is mine.(介词短语定语:桌上那本书)
- I believe that honesty is the best policy.(宾语从句)
- The girl who is wearing a red coat is my sister.(定语从句:穿红外套的女孩)
- He didn’t come because he was ill.(原因状语)
- What he said at the meeting surprised everyone.(主语从句当主语:他所说的话)
- It is important for us to learn from each other.(it 形式主语,真正主语是 to learn)
- The problem we discussed yesterday has been solved.(省略 that 的定语从句)
- Not until he grew up did he understand his father.(倒装:直到长大他才……)
- The reason why he was late is that the bus broke down.(why 定语 + that 表语)
- With the development of technology, our life has changed a lot.(with 短语状语开头)
- Only by practicing every day can you master a language.(only + 状语 → 倒装)
- It was in this school that I studied for three years.(强调句:去掉还原完整 ✓)
示范拆解第 9 句(五步走一遍): ① 连词:why / that;② 谓语:was(主句)、was late(从句1)、broke down(从句2);③ 主干:The reason is that…(原因是什么);④ 挂修饰:why he was late 修饰 reason(他迟到的原因);⑤ 中文:他迟到的原因是公交车抛锚了。✅
📝 随堂小练(找主干并翻译)
- The students who work hard will pass the exam.
- That she passed the exam made her parents proud.
- He was reading when I came in.
答案(主干 → 全句)
- 主干:The students will pass. → 努力的学生将通过考试。
- 主干:That … made her parents proud.(主语从句当主语)→ 她通过了考试,这让她的父母很骄傲。
- 主干:He was reading. → 我进来时,他正在看书。
➡️ 下一课预告
第 31 课:最后一课——语篇衔接词全表 + 篇章结构 + 毕业总测 20 题。